朗阁

12月19日雅思考题回顾

口 语 篇

考题解析

Part2题目汇总（加粗题为高频题） 

事件类

Describe an occasion that you forgot an important thing.

Describe a time when you did not enjoy the music in an event.

Describe a time you first communicated with others in a foreign language.

Describe an experience when you enjoyed an indoor game in your childhood.

Describe a time when you got lost in a place you did not know.

Describe a time when you are surprised to meet a friend.

Describe a time when you saw a child behaved badly in public places.  

Describe a dinner that you really enjoyed with your friends.

Describe a time when you learned from a mistake you made.

Describe a time when a family member asked you for help.

Describe a time you were scared by an animal.

Describe a time when you changed an important decision you made.

Describe a good decision you made recently.

Describe a time when a friend told you something you are not interested in.

Describe something you enjoy doing with a group of people. 

Describe a time when you worked in a group.

Describe someone or something that made a lot of noise.

Describe one of your exciting events.

Describe an activity that you attend occasionally but a little expensive.

Describe a time that you won an award or prize. 

Describe an occasion you wore the best clothes.

Describe a volunteering experience you have had.

Describe a risk you have taken which had a positive result.

Describe a (long) car journey you went on. 

Describe an occasion when you wasted your time.

Describe an time you planted a flower or a tree. 

人物类

Describe a person who is full of energy. 

Describe a person you know who is intelligent.

Describe a family you like. 

Describe a person you are happy to know.

Describe an old friend you got into contact again. 

Describe an old friend you keep in touch with again after losing contact.

Describe a person who is openly.

Describe a person who taught you something when you were a child. 

Describe a person who likes to help others. 

Describe a friend who is a good leader.

物品类

Describe a photograph you like.

Describe an area of science you are interested in (e.g. biology, physics, chemistry, etc.). 

Describe a piece of good news you received.

Describe a skill that you learned when you were a child.

Describe a movie that made you laugh.

Describe an ambition you prepare for a long time.

Describe a book you read that you found useful.

Describe a sentence or a few words from a poem or a song in your memory.

Describe a tradition in your country. 

地点类

Describe a city or town you enjoyed visiting and would like to visit again. 

Describe a foreign country (culture) you want to know more about.

Describe a place you visited that has been affected by pollution. 

Describe a public place you have spent the most time in.

Describe a country you would like to work for a short time.

Describe a place where you are able to relax.

*点评

Part 1: 

本季度part1里的题目recycling是一道非常时髦的话题了，结合了现在政府的垃圾分类政策。主要的难点集中在学生对于垃圾分类的单词不是很熟悉，导致不是很容易回答出*答案，这里给大家补充一些有用的*词汇哦，tackle climate change, minimize the waste sent to landfills and incinerators(垃圾焚烧). Conserves natural resources, valuable lessons about sustainability, leave the cleaner world for future generations. Showing children how to recycle properly is like passing the baton(指挥棒) to them for a cleaner and brighter future. Decomposition for years, form an environmental-friendly habit, waste disposal, sort out the garbage,同学们可以自己翻译一下，想一想有哪些词组可以用在问题的回答当中呢。

Part 2: 

本周考试有一个高频提“describe a time when you did not enjoy the music in an event. ”这题其实是一个非常好展开的题目。对于很多学生而言，可能*个跳进脑海的是一首不喜欢的曲子，从而产生审题错误，但事实上，这个题目是一个事件类的话题，主要谈论的是事情，而不是具体哪一首音乐或者歌曲，我们完全可以说一些和自己的生活片段的素材。比如说，有喜欢的歌曲和歌星，所以去买了票，好不容易挤了进去，结果里面人山人海，完全找不到地方坐，整个人很崩溃，然后灯光音响效果不是很令人满意，就是满怀希望而去，悻悻而归这种经历比较好讲，而不要去描写这个音乐是什么样子的，那就变成了物品类的话题了。

考试建议

其实在教学中会发现很多考生临考了对于考试流程都还不是很了解，以至于在part1被问了9、10个问题这种事情都会感到惊讶和烦躁。还有些考生会认为不提前复习口语话题，就靠临场发挥就可以蒙混过关……对于这样的一些临考疑问，大家可以报名朗阁的考冲班来获得解答。考冲班的老师大多具有丰富的经验，可以很好地去引导大家进行*，总结，和一些考试技巧的传授。方便的同学们不妨试试看哦~

听力篇

01

考题解析

场景话题：

Pl岛屿几个经典旅游推荐P2 公司给员工的福利是自行车/ P3关于制作网站 / P4关于香水的历史介绍

题型：

P1填空题/ P2 多选题+地图题 P3 填空题/ P4 单选题

*点评

本次考试难度中等偏上。

P4考了十道选择，难度较大，但P3考了十题填空，所以整体难度其实没有那么大。另外，本场考试，填空词总体的难度不算大，只有几个稍稍易错：

cheese，helicopter，towel，privacy

本场考试填空题出现在P1、P3。答案（仅供参考）如下：

P1:

1.cheese; 

2.market; 

3.sugar; 

4.helicopter ; 

5.hostel; 

6.beach; 

7.film; 

8.tree climbing; 

9.fishing；

10. towel

P3:

21.save time; 

22.privacy; 

23.women; 

24.social; 

25.support; 

26.advice； 

27.creative ;

28.ideas ; 

29.net workers ; 

30.plan holidays;

本场听力考试，填空题和选择题依然是考察的重点。大家在复习时，多注重单词的拼写与单复数问题；选择题多注意一下信号词的听取和分析。

另外，近期P4已经连续四场考到了选择，本次连考十题选择，接下来的复习中，一定要多关注一下P4选择题的练习。

地图近期考试频率非常高，本月虽然已经考了两场地图，但之前几个月也出现了三场地图题的考频。接下来要考试的同学，对地图题也不可掉以轻心，可以参照剑桥真题12、13、14的地图题来进行练习。

本场考试题型，整体搭配都是常见题型，但出现的位置稍稍与平时不同。只要把题型练好，就能应对考场所有题目。

填空题和选择题的比例为20：16。填空题方面，此次答案词不难，都在核心词汇里，且都是考过很多次的词了。所有听力单词，一定要在认知的基础上加上“能听”、“会拼”。

注意：

*终检查时，填空方面要尤其注意单词格式、拼写以及单复数等，不确定的可以自己结合篇章内容、语法逻辑以及发音判断。

P2，P3方面，可以酌情加上一些填空的练习。

P4加上选择和匹配的练习，把握定位，*替换词，明辨陷阱选项。

替换词：本场考试需注意一些常规同义替换和词组搭配。注意配对题带来的审题压力。考生们如果遇到选项较长的选择题，审题时需要对选项进行简化，“去同求异”，抓住选项之间的差别。

参考剑桥练习：剑14Test1 Section1;剑14Test2 Section2;剑9Test2 Section3;剑8Test2 Section4

03

考试预测

1. 场景方面：场景方面依旧是主流场景（租房咨询、展览、课程讨论、学科讲座），在接下来的考试中，考生还应将重点放在P1咨询，租房，面试 P2旅游，活动及公共场所设施介绍，P3课程讨论及论文写作，P4各类*讲座。

2. 题型：下次考试题型的预测：P1,P4填空为主；P2,P3选择题为主，同时关注P4的单选。

3. 机经：如需参考机经，以2013-2016年机经为主。建议机经复习以熟悉词汇为主，*曾经考察过的单词自己都能辨音并正确拼写。

写 作 篇

01

考题解析

小作文：饼图

大作文：Nowadays young people are admiring media and sports stars, even though they do not set a good example. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

02

*点评

1.本次考试难度中等。

2.整体分析：

Task 1：饼图

注意：

1. 动态图，既要对比数据大小，又要对比趋势变化；

2.注意讲述的逻辑，一定要明确写出分段排序的理由。

相关表达：

1、It is clear from the chart given that .....was the most….

2、There was a/an 趋势名词 in 描述对象 of 差值数据

3、描述对象 saw a/an 趋势名词  of 差值数据

3.Task 2 ：社会话题

题目翻译：现在，年轻人喜爱媒体明星或者运动明星，即使他们并没有设立良好的榜样。你认为这是积极还是消极的发展？

从话题上来说，属于社会类话题，考生可以运用平时对此话题的积累加以论证。

从类型上来说，属于观点类，通篇需要对自己的观点进行展开论述，论证；

从结构上来说，可以采取4段式的写法：

*段：题目改写+问题回答。

第二段：回答负面影响1

第三段：回答负面影响2

第四段：总结段-重申问题回答。

题目思路：

主体段 1:  

名人通常都挣很多钱earn great fortune，过着*的生活live extravagant lifestyles，住着大房子live in luxury mansions，开着豪车drive expensive cars。如果年轻人以名人为偶像role models，idols，他们可能也会把追求财富和个人享受pursue wealth and personal enjoyment作为自己的人生**priority goal，很显然这是错误的人生态度wrong attitude towards life。举例子，很多年轻人无心向学，总是想着成名和一夜暴富become rich overnight。

主体段 2: 

此外，名人经常有一些不良行为被媒体曝光，比如性丑闻sex scandals，酗酒吸毒addiction to alcohol and drugs，这些也给青少年树立了不好的榜样set bad examples。因为名人在职业方面有很大成就make great achievements in their careers，但是生活方面却行为不当show improper behavior，可能会给青少年传递错误的信息convey the wrong message，他们会混淆是非观念become confused about what is right and wrong，可能会效仿不良行为follow suit。

03

考试预测

1.小作文：重点关注状图、表格、地图。

2.大作文：重点关注文化、科技、教育话题。

3.重点浏览2018年写作机经，可借助《*范文书》第8版经典旧题来复习。

写 作 篇

01

考题解析

P1测谎 Lie Detector

P2猩猩文化 The Culture of Chimpanzee！

P3植物如何传播种子

02

*点评

1.本场考试整体难度适中，*及第二篇均为老题，其中第二篇涉及匹配和判断，难度较高；第三篇为新题，但好在话题属于科学类话题，不会过难。

2.整体点评：涉及社会类（P1）、动物类（P2）、植物类（P3）。

本次考试整体难度适中，判断，填空，选择，匹配都进行了考察，符合常规情况，所以考生在备考时应该全面掌握各个题型特点及组合策略。

3. 部分答案及参考文章：

Passage 1：Lie Detector

题型：判断+单选+匹配

技巧分析：判断和单选是顺序题型，但不确定是否定位完全不重合还是有重合情况，为了避免重读文章浪费时间，需要大家同时带着两个题型的关键词，匹配是乱序题型，需随时关注所有关键词，平时加强同义转述词积累，才能*定位灵敏度。

However much we may about it, deception comes naturally to all living things. Birds do it by feigning injury to lead hungry predators away from nesting young. Spider crabs do it by disguise: adorning themselves with strips of kelp and other debris, they pretend to be something they are not--and so escape their enemies. Nature amply rewards successful deceivers by allowing them to survive long enough to mate and reproduce. So it may come as no surprise to learn that human beings--who, according to psychologist Gerald Jellison of the University of South California, are lied to about 200 times a day, roughly one untruth every five minutes--often deceive for exactly the same reasons: to save their own skins or to get something they can't get by other means.

But knowing how to catch deceit can be just as important a survival skill as knowing how to tell a lie and get away with it. A person able to spot falsehood quickly is unlikely to be swindled by an unscrupulous business associate or hoodwinked by a devious spouse. Luckily, nature provides more than enough clues to trap dissemblers in their own tangled webs--if you know where to look. By closely observing facial expressions, body language and tone of voice, practically anyone can recognize the telltale signs of lying. Researchers are even programming computers--like those used on Lie Detector--to get at the truth by analyzing the same physical cues available to the naked eye and ear. "With the proper training, many people can learn to reliably detect lies," says Paul Ekman, professor of psychology at the University of California, San Francisco, who has spent the past 15 years studying the secret art of deception.

In order to know what kind of lies work best, successful liars need to accurately assess other people's emotional states. Ekman's research shows that this same emotional intelligence is essential for good lie detectors, too. The emotional state to watch out for is stress, the conflict most liars feel between the truth and what they actually say and do. Even high-tech lie detectors don't detect lies as such; they merely detect the physical cues of emotions, which may or may not correspond to what the person being tested is saying. Polygraphs, for instance, measure respiration, heart rate and skin conductivity, which tend to increase when people are nervous--as they usually are when lying. Nervous people typically perspire, and the salts contained in perspiration conduct electricity. That's why a sudden leap in skin conductivity indicates nervousness--about getting caught, perhaps?--which might, in turn, suggest that someone is being economical with the truth. On the other hand, it might also mean that the lights in the television studio are too hot--which is one reason polygraph tests are inadmissible in court. "Good lie detectors don't rely on a single sign," Ekman says, "but interpret clusters of verbal and nonverbal clues that suggest someone might be lying."

Those clues are written all over the face. Because the musculature of the face is directly connected to the areas of the brain that process emotion, the countenance can be a window to the soul. Neurological studies even suggest that genuine emotions travel different pathways through the brain than insincere ones. If a patient paralyzed by stroke on one side of the face, for example, is asked to smile deliberately, only the mobile side of the mouth is raised. But tell that same person a funny joke, and the patient breaks into a full and spontaneous smile. Very few people--most notably, actors and politicians--are able to consciously control all of their facial expressions. Lies can often be caught when the liar's true feelings briefly leak through the mask of deception. "We don't think before we feel," Ekman says. "Expressions tend to show up on the face before we're even conscious of experiencing an emotion."

One of the most difficult facial expressions to fake--or conceal, if it is genuinely felt--is sadness. When someone is truly sad, the forehead wrinkles with grief and the inner corners of the eyebrows are pulled up. Fewer than 15% of the people Ekman tested were able to produce this eyebrow movement voluntarily. By contrast, the lowering of the eyebrows associated with an angry scowl can be replicated at will by almost everybody. "If someone claims they are sad and the inner corners of their eyebrows don't go up," Ekman says, "the sadness is probably false."

The smile, on the other hand, is one of the easiest facial expressions to counterfeit. It takes just two muscles--the zygomaticus major muscles that extend from the cheekbones to the corners of the lips--to produce a grin. But there's a catch. A genuine smile affects not only the corners of the lips but also the orbicularis oculi, the muscle around the eye that produces the distinctive "crow's-feet" associated with people who laugh a lot. A counterfeit grin can be unmasked if the lip corners go up, the eyes crinkle but the inner corners of the eyebrows are not lowered, a movement controlled by the orbicularis oculi that is difficult to fake. The absence of lowered eyebrows is one reason why false smiles look so strained and stiff. NE:

Questions 1-5

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1 in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet, write

YES if the statement agrees with the information

NO if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

1. All living animals can lie.

2. Some people tell lies for self-preservation.

3. The fact of lying is more important than detecting one.

4. Researchers are using equipment to study which part of the brain is responsible for telling lies.

5. To be a good liar, one has to understand other people's emotions.

Questions 6-9

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Write the correct letters in box б-9 on your answer sheet.

6. How does a lie-detector work?

A. It analyzes one's verbal response to a question.

B. It records the changes in one's facial expression.

C. It illustrates the reasons about the emotional change when one is tested.

D. It monitors several physical reactions in the person undergoing the test.

7. Why couldn't lie detectors be used in a court of law?

A. because the nonverbal clues are misleading.

B. because there could be other causes of a certain change in the equipment.

C. because the lights are too hot.

D. because the statistic data on the lie detectors are not accurate.

8. The writer quotes from the paralyzed patients

A to exemplify people's response to true feelings.

B. to show the pathways for patients to recover.

C. to demonstrate the paralyzed patient's ability to smile.

D. to emphasize that the patient is in a state of strike.

9. According to the passage, politicians

A. can express themselves clearly.

B. are good at masking their emotions.

C. ac conscious of the surroundings.

D. can think before action.

Questions 10-13

Classify the following facial traits as referring to

A. Happiness

B. Anger

C. Sadness

Write the correct letter A, B, C or D in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.

10. Lines formed above eyebrows

11. Movement from muscle that orbits the eye

12. Eyebrows down

13. Inner corner of eyebrows raised

参考答案：

1. YES

2. YES

3. NOT GIVEN

4. NO

5. YES

6-9 待回忆

10. A 

11. B 

12. C 

13. A

Passage 2：The Culture of Chimpanzee

题型：配对+判断+填空

技巧分析：判断和填空是顺序题型，但不确定是否定位完全不重合还是有重合情况，为了避免重读文章浪费时间，需要大家同时带着两个题型的关键词，匹配是乱序题型，需随时关注所有关键词，平时加强同义转述词积累，才能*灵敏度。

A 

The similarities between chimpanzees and humans have been studied for years, but in the past decade researchers have determined that these resemblances run much deeper than anyone first thought. For instance, the nut cracking observed in the Ta? Forest is far from a simple chimpanzee behavior; rather it is a singular adaptation found only in that particular part of Africa and a trait that biologists consider to be an expression of chimpanzee culture. Scientists frequently use the term "culture" tc describe elementary animal behaviors- such as the regional dialects of different populations of songbirds-but as it turns out, the rich and varied cultural traditions found among chimpanzees are second in complexity only to human traditions.

B 

During the past two years, an unprecedented scientific collaboration, involving every major research group studying chimpanzees, has documented a multitude of distinct cultural patterns extending across Africa, in actions ranging from the animals' use of tools to their forms of communication and social customs. This emerging picture of chimpanzees not only affects how we think of these amazing creatures but also alters human beings conception of our own uniqueness and hints at ancient foundations for extraordinary capacity for culture.

C 

Homo sapiens and Pan troglodytes have coexisted for hundreds of millennia and share more than 98 percent of their genetic material, yet only 40 years ago we still knew next to nothing about chimpanzee behavior in the wild. That began to change in the 1960s, when Toshisada Nishida of Kyoto University in Japan and Jane Goodall began their studies of wild chimpanzees at two field sites in Tanzania. (Goodall's research station at Gombe-the first of its kind-is more famous, but Nishida's site at Mahale is the second oldest chimpanzee research site in the world.)

D 

In these initial studies, as the chimpanzees became accustomed to close observation, the remarkable discoveries began. Researchers witnessed a range of unexpected behaviors, including fashioning and using tools, hunting, meat eating, food sharing and lethal fights between members of neighboring communities.

E 

As early as 1973, Goodall recorded 13 forms of tool use as well as eight social activities that appeared to differ between the Gombe chimpanzees and chimpanzee populations elsewhere. She ventured that some variations had what she termed a cultural origin. But what exactly did Goodall mean by "culture"? According to the Oxford Encyclopedic English Dictionary, culture is defined as "the customs and achievements of a particular time or people." The diversity of human cultures extends from technological variations to marriage rituals, from culinary habits to myths and legends. Animals do not have myths and legends, of course. But they do have the capacity to pass on behavioral traits from generation to generation, not through their genes but by learning. For biologists, this is the fundamental criterion for a cultural trait: it must be something that can be learned by observing the established skills of others and thus passed on to future generations

F 

What of the implications for chimpanzees themselves? We must highlight the tragic loss of chimpanzees, whose populations are being decimated just when we are at last coming to appreciate these astonishing animals more completely. Populations have plummeted in the past century and continue to fall as a result of illegal trapping, logging and, most recently, the bushmeat trade. The latter is particularly alarming: logging has driven roadways into the forests that are now used to ship wild-animal meat-including chimpanzee meat-to consumers as far afield as Europe. Such destruction threatens not only the animals themselves but also a host of fascinatingly different ape cultures.

G 

Perhaps the cultural richness of the ape may yet help in its salvation, however. Some conservation efforts have already altered the attitudes of some local people. A few organizations have begun to show videotapes illustrating the cognitive prowess of chimpanzees. One Zairian viewer was heard to exclaim, "Ah, this ape is so like me, I can no longer eat him. "

H 

How an international team of chimpanzee experts conducted the most comprehensive survey of the animals ever attempted. Scientists have been investigating chimpanzee culture for several decades, but too often their studies contained a crucial flaw. Most attempts to document cultural diversity among chimpanzees have relied solely on officially published accounts of the behaviors recorded at each research site. But this approach probably overlooks a good deal of cultural variation for three reasons.

I 

First, scientists typically don't publish an extensive list of all the activities they do not see at a particular location. Yet this is exactly what we need to know-which behaviors were and were not observed at each site. Second, many reports describe chimpanzee behaviors without saying how common they are; with- out this information, we can't determine whether a particular action was a once-in-a-lifetime aberration or a routine event that should be considered part of the animals' culture. Finally, researchers ' descriptions of potentially significant chimpanzee behaviors frequently lack sufficient detail, making it difficult for scientists working at other spots to record the presence or absence of the activities.

J 

To remedy these problems, the two of us decided to take a new approach. We asked field researchers at each site for a list of all the behaviors they suspected were local traditions. With this information in hand, we pulled together a comprehensive list of 65 candidates for cultural behaviors.

K 

Then we distributed our list to the team leaders at each site. In consultation with their colleagues, they classified each behavior in terms of its occurrence or absence in the chimpanzee community studied. The key categories were customary behavior (occurs in most or all of the able-bodied members of at least one age or sex class, such as all adult males), habitual (less common than customary but occurs repeatedly in several individuals), present (seen at the site but not habitual), absent (never seen), and unknown.

参考题目:

Questions 14-18

Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter A-K, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.

14. A problem of researchers on chimpanzee culture which are only based on official sources.

15. Design a new system by two scientists aims to solve the problem.

16. Reasons why previous research on ape culture is problematic.

17. Classification of data observed or collected.

18. An example that showing tragic outcome of animals leading to indication of change in local people s attitude in preservation

Questions 19-23

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?

TRUE if the statement is true

FALSE if the statement is false

NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

19. Research found that chimpanzees will possess the same complex culture as human.

20. Human and apes ancestors lived together long ago and share most of their genetic substance.

21. Jane Goodall's observed many surprising features of complex behaviors among chimpanzees .

22. Chimpanzees, like human, deliver cultural behaviors mostly from genetic inheritance.

23. For decades, researchers have investigated chimpanzees by data obtained from both unobserved and observed approaches.

Questions 24-27

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.

24. When the unexpected discoveries of chimpanzee behavior start?

25. Which country is the researching site of Toshisada Nishida and Jane Goodall?

26. What did the chimpanzee have to get used to in the initial study?

27. What term can depict it that Jane Goodall found the chimpanzee used tool in 1973?

参考答案：

14. H  

15. J  

16. I  

17. K  

18. G

19. NOT GIVEN  

20. TRUE  

21. TRUE

22. FALSE  

23. FALSE

24.  in the 1960s  

25. Tanzania

26. (close) observation/observers

27. (a) culture origin

Passage 3：植物如何传播种子

题型及数量：待补充

题目及答案：待补充

03

考试预测

1. 建议大家五种题型做全面备考，基础薄弱的同学优先掌握顺序题型，填空，判断和选择。乱序题匹配需要大家具备更强的对同义转述表达的灵敏度。Heading题需要大家把握段落逻辑。

2. 下场考试的话题可能有关历史类，社会类和管理类。

3. 重点浏览2014到2018年机经。